A Scheme of Arrangement is a legal procedure under which a company can make an agreement with its shareholders or creditors to restructure its operations or financial affairs. It is a mechanism provided by law to facilitate a compromise between a company and its members or creditors. A scheme of arrangement is not the end [...]

The corporate veil is a metaphor to recognise that a validly registered company has its own legal identity that is distinct from its members (shareholders) and officers (for example, directors and secretaries). The effect of incorporation is that the company is a body corporate with a distinct legal identity. It may sue and be sued, [...]

Introduction A share split is also commonly referred to as a stock split. It is usually done for commercial reasons. Usually, when the price of a share is restrictively high, the company may decide to break up or split that share into multiple smaller shares. For example, instead of 1 share being priced at $100, [...]

A digital bank is an online-only platform that provides new and traditional banking products and services to customers. The difference between a digital bank and a traditional bank is that a digital bank does not have a physical bank that customers can visit. However, most of the online functions that can be performed online for [...]

A promoter of a company is a person who undertakes to form a company with reference to a given project, to set it going. He takes the necessary steps to accomplish that purpose. For example, you and four other friends decide to set up a company to deal with importing and exporting fashion wear. They [...]

A de facto director is a person who is not formally appointed to the company's board as a director but is acting as if he had been so. To formally appoint a director, typically a general meeting must be convened and the shareholders have to pass a resolution to appoint an individual as a director. [...]

When a company raises money, it may give security to the creditor. If it uses its assets as security, a charge is said to be made over the assets. The lender takes a charge over assets to secure repayment over a loan. There are two types of charges: Fixed charge A charge on fixed assets. [...]

There is no proper definition of a zombie company but in essence, it is a company that makes enough revenue to continue operations and service a portion of its debt. There is little to no growth and the company is constantly looking for lifelines from either loans, external funding or government grants.   Here are [...]

A company may wish to return its profits in the form of dividends to its shareholders. To declare dividends, the following documents should be prepared. A directors' resolution There should be meeting minutes or a form of written declaration where the directors of the company had voted for and approved that dividends are to be [...]