Minority shareholders are shareholders with a non-controlling stake in the company. It refers to the shareholders with voting rights but the number of shares that they hold are insufficient to have a say in the company's affairs. In most cases, this refers to 50 per cent of the company's voting shares. Shareholders with voting rights [...]
As a business grows, some business owners may want to convert their sole proprietorship into a private limited company. Here are some of the reasons why some business owners may want to make the switch. 1) To limit liabilities As a sole proprietor, your liabilities are unlimited. This means that you are liable for any [...]
We briefly spoke about dormant companies in a previous article: What is a Dormant Company Here is a further elaboration to the topic. A company is considered dormant during a period in which there is no accounting transaction. A company is considered dormant if: It has been dormant from the time of its formation It [...]
Traditionally, company seals are used by companies to execute deeds. Instances, whereby a company seal may be used, are when purchasing a property or issuing a share certificate. However, with effect from the 31st of March 2017, it is no longer necessary for a company to execute such documents with a company seal. Section [...]
A shareholder agreement is a document signed between shareholders of a company that supplements and complements the constitution of a company. A shareholder agreement may or may not be between all of the shareholders. It can be signed among some of the shareholders. It may also be signed between the shareholders and the company. One [...]
For many companies, the path to expansion requires financial backing. This can be in the form of seed funding and series A, B or C funding. Monies are collected from investors in exchange for equity in a company. Seed funding is the earliest stage of funding collected. It is at times considered as funding even [...]
Generally, a director can be remunerated in two ways, director's fees and salary. Director's fees Director's fees are paid to the director for directorial services rendered to the company. It is not required for a company to pay its directors any director's fees but if it does, this payment has to be approved in a [...]
The shares of a company represent ownership in a company. When a company is incorporated, the shareholders are the ones who own the company. The shareholders must also determine who owns how many shares. There are also different classes of shares with different rights. Shareholders are the ones who invest in the company and in [...]
A quorum is the number of members in a company that must be present in a meeting in order to transact any business. A meeting cannot be convened or start any business without having a quorum or the minimum number of voting members present. Any business that is transacted where a quorum is not present [...]
At the end of every financial year, the directors of a company will need to compile their financial statements. The financial statements can be audited and unaudited. For exempt private companies limited by shares or small companies, they may present their financial statements unaudited as they qualify for audit exemption. For exempt private companies limited [...]