Singapore companies sometimes accumulate more paid-up capital than they need for their operations — capital that has been eroded by losses, or surplus capital that shareholders wish to return to themselves. In these situations, a capital reduction is the formal legal mechanism for reducing a company's share capital in a controlled and lawful way. Under [...]
When founders and investors sit down to negotiate equity terms, preference shares are often the central instrument of discussion. Unlike ordinary shares, preference shares carry special rights — typically priority dividends and a preferential return of capital on winding up — making them the instrument of choice for investors seeking downside protection without sacrificing upside [...]
Dividends are the primary mechanism by which a Singapore private limited company distributes profits to its shareholders. Whether you are a founder drawing down years of retained earnings, a director managing cash flow for multiple shareholders, or an investor in a profitable SME, understanding the rules around dividend declarations is essential to avoid legal missteps [...]
Every Singapore private limited company must have at least one director who is ordinarily resident in Singapore. For foreign entrepreneurs, international businesses, and offshore holding companies that have no physical presence here, this creates a practical challenge: who fills that role? The answer is often a nominee director — a person appointed to serve as [...]
Treasury shares are a lesser-known but practically significant feature of Singapore company law. When a company buys back its own shares and holds them — rather than cancelling them — those shares become treasury shares. They sit on the company's books in a kind of corporate limbo: neither outstanding nor cancelled, carrying no voting rights, [...]
When a Singapore private limited company prepares to raise venture capital — whether a seed round, a Series A, or a later-stage financing — the company secretary becomes one of the most important people in the deal. Investors, their lawyers, and the company's own counsel will scrutinise the statutory records and corporate governance framework before [...]
Singapore bank account opening — DBS, OCBC, UOB, Wise, Aspire — Documents required and templates. For foreign founders setting up shop in Singapore. Pra...
Singapore registered address and BizFile+ filings — Documents required and templates. For foreign founders setting up shop in Singapore. Practical 2026...
Nominee director services — foreigner essentials — Documents required and templates. For foreign founders setting up shop in Singapore. Practical 2026 w...
Sole proprietorship vs LLP vs Pte Ltd — Documents required and templates. For foreign founders setting up shop in Singapore. Practical 2026 walkthrough...